Modi most searched chief minister on Google

According to Google Trends, the Gujarat Chief Minister topped the tally, followed by Tamil Nadu CM JayalalithaaJayaram, Uttar Pradesh CM Akhilesh Yadav, West Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee and Bihar CM Nitish Kumar.

Other most searched CMs of India included Shivraj Singh Chouhan (Madhya Pradesh), Vasundhara Raje(Rajasthan), Tarun Gogoi (Assam), Omar Abdullah (J&K) and Oommen Chandy (Kerala), Google said in a statement.

The trends are for a time period of three months – from December 14 to March 13. “As we move closer towards the 2014 Elections for the 16th Lok Sabha, there is a lot focus on the Chief Ministers of different states and focus on the role that they will play to ensure how their respective parties fare in these elections. Google Search Trends decided to look at how the CMs are stacking up in terms of visibility online,” it added.

Within Congress, the top five most searched CMs were Tarun Gogoi, Oommen Chandy, Bhupinder Singh Hooda(Haryana), Virbhadra Singh (Himanchal Pradesh) and Harish Rawat (Uttranchal). For BJP, the top five most searched CMs were NarendraModi, Vasundhara Raje, Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Manohar Parrikar (Goa) and Raman Singh (Chhattisgarh).

PTI

REDUCE THE RETIREMENT AGE FROM 60 TO 58

REDUCE THE RETIREMENT AGE FROM 60 TO 58

The Central Government has an intention to revise the retirement age of central government employees.This is one of the important topic among all central employees before few weeks .This rootless message creates lot of expectations and unnecessarily planted a seed in their mind.If the government  is planning to harvest 2 crores of votes from the  employees family ,definitely 10 crores of youth will move against this decision.

If increasing retirement age to scientists senior administrators,doctors,there will be some benefits to the country because of their vast experience. But other cadres like clerks,assistants,and industrial workers need some  physical moves and hard work.After the age of 55 physical fitness drastically goes down.At this time work load will affect their body and mind.

Our country has lots of unemployment problems.Millions of youth are leading their lives without permanent jobs.Any how all seniors has to retire one day.So the best way  is recruiting new hands to handle the workload  instead of keeping them  for years and years.At the same time eligible age for entering government jobs shall also be increased.This kind of act may reduce the unemployment problem at a level.Keeping all this in mind ,the retirement age should be reduced from 60 to 58 is the best option to govt to recruit youths.At this stage what really required is sincerity at higher levels of bureaucracy and development of productive nature of workmanship.

Raam

Source:www.centralgovernmentemployeesnews.net

Maricel Apatan : The Chef with No Hands

Take time to read

This is a true story of a young woman who went through the most gruesome fire. When you read her story, you’ll realize that your trials are absolutely nothing compared to what this young girl went through.

It was September 25, 2000. Maricel Apatan was an 11-year old girl in Zamboanga. On that day this little girl went with her uncle to draw water.

Along the way, four men met them. They were carrying long knives. They told her uncle to face down on the ground, and they hacked him on the neck and killed him.

Maricel was in total shock, especially that the men were their neighbors. She tried to escape, but the men ran after her

She cried, “Kuya, ‘wag po, ‘wag n’yo akong tagain! Maawa po kayo sa akin!” (“ Don’t kill me! Have mercy on me!”)

But they weren’t listening. With a long knife, aman slashed her on the neck too.

Maricel fell to the ground and lost consciousness.

When she woke up, she saw a lot of blood. She also saw the feet of the men around her, but she pretended to be dead.

When they walked away, Maricel ran back home. But along the way, she saw that both her hands were falling off. Because the men hacked them too. She cried but she kept running.

Sometimes, she would faint and fall to the ground. But she’d regain consciousness and run again.

When she was near her home, Maricel called her mother
Upon seeing her daughter, her mother screamed in terror. She wrapped her bloodied child in a blanket and carried her to the hospital.

Here was the problem: From her house to the highway, it was a 12-kilometer walk. It took them 4 hours just to reach the highway.
When they arrived in the hospital, the doctors thought Maricel was going to die. But for 5 hours, they operated on her. It took 25 stitches to stitch together the long knife wound in her neck and back.

Maricel barely survived. And she lost both of her hands.
Ironically, the next day was Maricel’s birthday. She was 12 years old.

But tragedy didn’t end there. When they went home, they saw their home was gone. It was ransacked and burned down by the goons.

Being very poor, Maricel’s family also didn’t have P50,000 for their hospital bills.

But God sent many angels along the way to help them.

Archbishop Antonio Ledesma, a distant relative, paid for hospital bills and helped them bring the criminals to court. They were sentenced to prison.

Today, she’s staying with the nuns at Regina Rosarii with Sr. Eppie Brasil, O.P.

But this is the incredible miracle. Instead of staying down, Maricel kept running.

Instead of cursing God why she had no hands, she now uses her wrists in incredible ways that will boggle your mind.

Maricel Apatan
Maricel was cited as the most industrious, best in computer, and most courteous in the School for Crippled Children.

In 2008, she graduated from a course in H Hotel And Restaurant Management. She even received a Gold medal for Arts and Crafts.

In 2011, she finished her education to be a chef. Yes, a Chef without hands.

Nothing can stop this young lady from reaching her dreams.

“Real Winners Don’t Give Up!”

Central employees awaiting next govt nod on DA merger

Central government employees are awaiting next government nod on merger of 50 percentdearness allowance to basic Pay in the view of model code of conduct.

.Former Supreme Court Justice Ashok Kumar Mathur (above), the head of the Seventh Central PayCommission

Family finances of government employees are being squeezed from all sides as inflation is rising at its fastest level in last four years. How can government employees cope with raising inflation besides mergerof 50 percent dearness allowance (DA) to basic pay.

High prices of day-to-day goods make it difficult for government employees to afford even the basic commodities in their lives.

The Sixth Pay Commission did not talk about merger. As a result, with the continuous increase of dearness allowance, this has now reached up to 100 per cent of basic pay but the government did not merged 50 percent dearness allowance to basic pay on the pretext of sixth pay panel recommendation.

Earlier, the DA was merged with basic pay, only after it touched 50 per cent of the basic pay on the recommendation of fifth central pay panel.

The government has set up the Seventh Central Pay Commission to recommend for revising salaries of central government employees.

The 4-members commission, headed by Ashok Kumar Mathur, former Supreme Court Judge, will formulate pay, allowances and other facilities as well as benefits structure for 50 lakh central government employees.

The commission will also to look at the revision of pension for those who have retired prior to the date of effect of these recommendations.

However, the decision regarding merger of 50 per cent dearness allowance to basic pay will be taken only after theSeventh Pay Commission gives its interim recommendations under the terms of reference for the commission before submitting of its final report within 18 months of the date of its constitution.

The merger of 50 percent DA to basic pay will lead salaries rising by up to 30 per cent, which will cope with the present living cost of government employees.

The election Commission announced the Lok Sabha elections; model code of conduct makes the government lame-duck as it cannot take decision on merger of dearness allowance without permission of the Election Commission.

Hence, this genuine demand may be considered by the next government only on interim recommendation of seventh pay panel.

Agencies & The Sen Times

Conditions for re-excercise of option

Conditions for re-excercise of option 

1. ” It has been clarified by MoD that the provisions laid down in Minisrty of Finance, Deptt of Expenditure OM No. 10/02/2011-E.III/A dated 19/03/2012 are applicable for all Armed Forces Personnel whose date of increment in the pre-revised scale was between February 2006 and June 2006 irrespective of whether they had exercised option earlier, Such personnel are entitled to exercise fresh option or re-exercise optionfor pay fixation in 6th CPC pay structure either with effect from 01/01/2006 or any other subsequent date. The following conditions shall be effecting the revision:-

a. The date of increment in the pre-revised scale was between Feb 2006 to June 2006.

b. The revised option/fresh option should have been submitted before 31/07/2013.

Units may forward the options submitted by officers before 31/07/2013, whose date of increment in the pre-revised scale falls between Feb 2006 to June 2006, to PCDA(O) for carrying out the pay revision”.

2. The effective dates for exercising option under various circumstances are as under:

i. For revision of pay on promotion prior to Jan 06-31st Dec 2005.

ii. For switching over to revised pay structure as per Sixth Pay Commission orders, for officers whose date of increment in pre-revised scale falling between Feb 06 to June 2006-31st July 2013.

iii. For switching over to revised pay structure as per Sixth Pay Commission Orders, for officers other than (II) above-30/6/2011.

source-https://pcdaopune.gov.in/Login.aspx

Earth to get hotter despite global warming slowdown

 Earth's climate would continue to warm during this century on track with previous estimates, despite the recent slowdown in the rate of global warming, a new Nasa study has warned. 

The research hinges on a new and more detailed calculation of the sensitivity of Earth's climate to the factors that cause it to change, such as greenhouse gas emissions. 

Drew Shindell, a climatologist at Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, found Earth is likely to experience roughly 20 per cent more warming than estimates that were largely based on surface temperature observations during the past 150 years. 

Global temperatures have increased at a rate of 0.12 degrees celsius per decade since 1951, researchers said. 

But since 1998, the rate of warming has been only 0.05 degrees celsius per decade - even as atmospheric carbon dioxide continues to rise at a rate similar to previous decades, they said. 

Recent research suggested Earth may be less sensitive to greenhouse gas increases than previously thought. 

The Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), issued in 2013, also reduced the lower range of Earth's potential for global warming, said researchers. 

To put a number to climate change, researchers calculate what is called Earth's "transient climate response." 

This calculation determines how much global temperatures will change as atmospheric carbon dioxide continues to increase — at about one per cent per year — until the total amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide has doubled. 

The estimates for transient climate response range from near 1.4 degrees celsius offered by recent research, to the IPCC's estimate of 1.0 degrees celsius. 

Shindell's study estimates a transient climate response of 1.7 degrees celsius, and determined it is unlikely values will be below 1.3 degrees celsius. 

In order to understand the role played by carbon dioxide emissions in global warming, it is necessary to account for the effects of atmospheric aerosols, researchers said. 

While multiple studies have shown the Northern Hemisphere plays a stronger role than the Southern Hemisphere in transient climate change, this had not been included in calculations of the effect of atmospheric aerosols on climate sensitivity. 

When corrected, the range of likely warming based on surface temperature observations is in line with earlier estimates, despite the recent slowdown, researchers said. 

The research was published in the journal Nature Climate Change. 

Source : The times of India

The Central Civil Service (Joining Time) Amendment Rules, 1989 - Dopt Order

New Delhi, the 10th March, 1989 

G.S.R. 197. — In exercise of the powers conferred by the proviso to article 309 read with clause (5) of article 148 of the constitution and after consultation with the Comptroller and Auditor General of India in relation to persons serving in the Indian Audit and Accounts Department, the President hereby makes the following rules further to amend the Central Civil Services (Joining Time) Rules, 1979, namely :- 

1. (1) These rules may be called the Central Civil Service (Joining Time) Amendment Rules, 1989. 

(2) They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette

2. In the Central Civil Services (Joining Time) Rules, 1979 for sub-rule (1) of rule the following sub-rule shall be substituted, namely :- 

(1) When a Government servant joins a new post at a new post without availing full joining time by reasons that:- 

(a) he is ordered to join the new post at a new place of posting without availing of full joining time to which he is entitled ; or 

(b) he proceeds alone to the new place of posting and joins the post without availing full joining time and takes his family later within the permissible period of time for claiming travelling allowance for the family :- 

The number of days of joining time admissible under sub-rule (4) of rule 5 of the Central Civil Services (Joining Time) Rules, 1979, subject to a maximum of 15 days reduced by the number of days of joining time actually availed of shall be credited to his leave account as earned leave; 

Provided that the earned leave at his credit together with the unavailed joining time allowed to be so credited shall not exceed 240 days. 

[No. 19011/12/86-Estt. (Allow)] 

Source: www.persmin.gov.in

[http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02est/19011_12_86-Estt.Allow-10031989.pdf]

Declaration of Holiday on 14th April, 2014— Birthday of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Declaration of Holiday on 14th April, 2014— Birthday of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

F. No.12/4/2014-JCA-2
Government of India
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions
(Department of Personnel & Training)

North Block,
New Delhi
Dated the 12th March, 2014.

OFFICE MEMORANDUM

Subject: Declaration of Holiday on 14th April, 2014— Birthday of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

It has been decided to declare Monday, the 14th April 2014, as a Closed Holiday on account of the birthday of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, for all Central Government Offices including Industrial Establishments throughout India.

2. The above holiday is also being notified in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 25 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (26 of 1881).

3. All Ministries/Departments of Government of India may bring the above decision to the notice of all concerned.

(Ashok Kumar)
Deputy Secretary to the Government of India

source-http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02est/12_4_2014-JCA-2-12032014.pdf

POSTAL ASSISTANT EXAM- PREPARATION GUIDANCE PART-1

 Disclaimer:- All Information provided in this post are Compiled by A. Praveen Kumar, SPM, Papannapet SO-502303, Andhra Pradesh  for in good faith of Postal Assistant Exam Aspirants. Author of blog does not accepts any responsibility in relation to the accuracy, completeness, usefulness or otherwise, of the contents.

General Awareness is an Integral part of most of the competitive exams and it Comprises of current finance and economy, Geographical, social, cultural　aspects at national and international level. The fact that makes it a challenge　to prepare　is its unlimited range of questions. 
　

General awareness is considered a big challenge by the aspirants due to is large range of questions. It is believed that you cannot prepare it completely as there are so many things happening around and you can’t remember them all. I am receiving many mails from aspirants asking how to tackle this big hurdle.　The solution is simple, Stay Updated!!

Although we accept it is challenging but it may be a great decider of your success if prepared properly. Last year the deciding factor between Postal Assistant Job getters and losers was "General knowledge". Previous year, most of the aspirants scored more than 20 marks in every part i.e. Arithmetic, Reasoning, and General English but failed to secure qualifying marks (10 marks) in GK. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

The General Awareness questions don’t take any time to solve. You only have to read and Mark. There is no　calculation　that you have to do (And very minimal, if any!!). So you may attempt this section in 10 minutes without much effort and it’s highly scoring also. It saves precious time to go for other time-taking sections. So I advise you to go for General awareness first as people normally complain about not being able to attempt this section　due to lack of time. It's a common reason of failure for many people that although they were able to score exceptionally good in other sections but they were unable to even attempt general awareness.　So attempt general awareness first!!

General awareness cannot be prepared in a single day. It has to be done daily for some time.　Make it a habit to keep you updated. If done properly, you'll surely gain a deciding edge over competitors and will easily pass through. So the preparation should be started well in advance.　 akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Postal Assistant GK Syllabus (25 marks).

General Knowledge - Questions on current events, Sports, History, Geography, Basic economics, General politics, Indian Constitution, Science environment etc (25 marks).

Questions in this component will be aimed at testing the candidate’s general awareness of the environment around him and its application to society. Questions will also be designed to test knowledge of current events and of such matters of every day observations and experience in their scientific aspect as may be expected of any educated person. The test will also include questions relating to India and its neighboring countries especially pertaining

Current Events / Affairs:

There is always something happening in this bloody big　world　so it’s not easy to stay updated with all the latest affairs all the time. We need to strategize our plan of action to prepare it accordingly; otherwise it will be tough nut to break for sure. In every second some issues are happening around the world in these sectors, and to accumulate the excerpt of some highlighted news, and memorize it is a good plan to prepare current affairs and GK.

So, how to prepare the current affairs? akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Go to Govt. library, read Daily News Paper (The Hindu, Indian Express or The Times of India) whatever competitive magazine you get (CST, Pratiyoigta Kiran / Darphan, Chronicle, Wizard) and note down important names/details

But keep in mind that all such magazines provide too many details/ball by ball commentary – you just need to maintain a brief MS word file / Dairy or containing important events/names/awards/mascots/venues only. Otherwise it’ll become very difficult to revise entire content from original source on the night before the exam.

Many of us are always confused about following questions:
akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Which newspaper to read? , Which books or magazines to read?

Is monthly magazines are enough?, and most important How to read newspaper ?

Before going to read any book, magazine or newspaper, it is most important to collect previous year papers of all Circles and make your own analysis that what type of questions are being asked. It is must before any study plan.

Because the local newspapers give　only　the "hot-shot" news of politics, cricket and Bollywood and exams are not asking much about it. So i prefer　"The Hindu". If not possible then Indian Express.

Following things are extremely important to read in newspaper

Recent developments in the field of　Science and Technology　like satellite launches, vaccine development, defence deals, new diseases, Computers, Hybrid Seeds, Solar Energy etc akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Environmental issues　are given high importance and developments like important summits and their outcomes, global　warming, carbon dump, carbon trading, environment-affecting projects like Dams, nuclear plants (Kudankulam protests), pollution should be regularly looked into. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

In　Polity, important　judgments　of social or national or economic importance should be　regularly　tracked. Nirbhaya Chattam, Food Safety bill etc

Keeping track of all the important　economic data　like growth rate, inflation, exports and imports, as well as current　economic issues like slowdown, global economic crisis, FDI in retail, RBI policy, big players and the companies owned by them, PSU's activity –its heads, Govt.'s policies, budget etc

Sports　events like tennis grand slams, cricket, Indian achievements in Olympics, world cup’s etc. Remember to go beyond cricket and read about other sports as well.

Awards and honours　from within India as well as from outside India like Magsaysay awards, Khel Ratna, Nobel Prizesand so on. Winners of Booker, Pulitzer, Miss World / Miss Universe. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Persons in news　those that might have received some honor, or have invented something or achieved a personal feat of social value etc. Foreign Prez /PM; chief guest of 26^{th　Jan. Parade, Indian diaspora} – especially in USA, chiefs of army-navy-air force, supreme court, various national bodies etc

International Affairs / Important office Holders of World Organizations, OPEC,ASEAN,SAARC etc- if they're meeting then note down where they met and what points did they discuss? Indian Army Exercise with China/US etc

Administration: Administrative reforms, E-gov etc. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Government schemes (NPS, NREGA- and editorials related to it-good things, bad things)

Education related- Deemed univ etc.

How to Prepare for History

What to prepare from History: Major preparation should be done from Medieval India to freedom of India. As per my opinion it is better to concentrate on Modern Indian History

While studying don´t overload your mind by memorizing dates. Questions will be asked from major events and major persons. As every person has limited amount of memorizing capacity, you will have to forget something for something new. So use your memory smartly.

Try to understand and co-relate the events in Indian History and try to make relationship with your life.　Its　your duty to create memory link up with the events.

For Indian history and culture refer NCERT books from class 7 to 10, Indian history (Arihant) or lucent G.k etc.

Medieval Indian History:

1. Important Wars (who fought with whom, when and what was the result + some of them are from ‘modern history’)

Two Tarai battles, Three Panipat battles, Three Anglo Maratha wars, three Anglo-French wars, Two Anglo-Sikh wars, Plassey, Buxar, Bedera, Burmese, Afghan

2. Delhi Sultanate: Qutubuddin Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia Sultan, Balban , Alauddin Khilji and his policies, Mohd. Tuglaq and his speciality, Firoz Shah Tughlaq and his policy, Sikandar Lodhi, Ibrahim Lodhi. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

3. Mughal and their policy / work/ constructions, Babar, Humayun,Sher Shah (although not a Mughal), Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurungzeb

4. Maratha: Shivaji, his administration and the three Anglo Maratha wars

5. Culture: South India Temple and features: Gopuram, Garbhagriha, Hoysala temple etc.

6. Poets-patron kings, main books, Mosques, tombs, gates, forts etc.: where are they located and who built them?

7.Travelers (incl. Ancient) + envoys: mainly Megasthenes, Fa-Hien, Al-Baruni, Huien Tsang, Marco Polo, Ibn Batuta, Nicolo Conti, Wiliam Hawkins, Thoms Roe, Tavernier, Bernier. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

8. Religion: Bhakti saints, Sufi Saints particularly Khwaja Muinuddin Chisty, Sikhism, Gurus particularly Nanak, Arjan Dev and Gobind Singh

Modern Indian History

1.Entry of Europeans: where did they setup factory and under whose rule? + their conflicts with Native rules (e.g Siraz-ud daula, Tipu Sultan)

2.Important Gov.Gen/Viceroys and their policies ,

Hastings, Cornwallis, Wellesley, Bentick, Metcalfe; Aukland; Hardinge (each of them only did 1 or 2 imp things), Canning, Mayo, Lytton, Ripon, Landsdown. Curzon, Minto, Chelmsford

The Viceroys after Chelmsford should be prepared with focus on how they handled Gandhi and Partition of India: akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Irwin, Willingdon, Linlithgow, Wavell, Mountbatten,C. Rajagopalachari (only the fact that he was 1st　and last Indian governor general of free India)

3.Revolts :     1857

Peasant revolts and their leaders+reasons: mainly Indigo, Deccan, Ramosi, Chamran, Kheda, Moplah, Tebhaga, Telengana and Eka

Tribal revolts and leaders+reasons: mainly Rampa, Munda, Naga and Tana Bhagat. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Others mainly Sanyasi, Pagal Panthi and Kuka

4.Culture:
Books and authors (Dadabhai, RC Dutt, Gandhi, Bankim etc)

Newspaper-language-owner akulapraveen.blogspot.com

various org. and their founders: Mainly Brahmo, Sadharan Brahmo, Namdhari, Radha Swami, Arya Samaj, Prarthana, Deccan Edu., Theosophical, Ramkrishan Mission, Servents of India, Purna Seva Sadan, Satya Sodhak, Aravipuram, Justice party, Bahishkrit Hitkarini, Self-Respect, Harijan Sevak, Derozio, Tattvabodhini, Wahabi, DEoband, Aligarh,

Reformers: Roy, Vivekanand, Sahjanand, Saraswati, Kesab Chandra etc.

Education reform: Hunter, Sadler, Macaulay and Sargeant

5.Freedom Struggle :

Congress, GK related to Congress Sessions: prominent chairmen, resolution etc.

Moderate, Extremist and their leader, Surat Split

Swaraj Party, Nehru Report. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Congress Ministries vs Muslim League

Revolutionaries: org.-leaders-members and conspiracy-cases + INA and its trials + RIN munity akulapraveen.blogspot.co

Home Rule Besant and Tilak and Lucknow Pact

6. Gandhi:

Champaran, A’bad, Kheda;NCM, Khilafat, CDM, QIM akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Gandhi-Irwin, Gandhi-Amebedkar, Gandhi-Bose

Reforms:　Morley Minto; Montague-Chelmsford

Thuggary:　Rowlett, Jalliyanwala, Simon, RTC, Communal award

Acts:　1909, 1919, 1935 and 1947;

Partition related: Linlithgow offer, Wavell plan, Cabinet Mission , Cripps Mission.

Geography:

Most of the questions will be from Indian Geography. So don´t prepare for world Geography.

Use NCERT books for proper concept　building　and finally use LUCENT GK for　quick revision of facts.akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Indian Geography

1. Some Geographical Facts of India

Climatic conditions in India- Major Seasons of India

2. Major Solis of India- Forest types and their distribution

3. Mountain, Plateaus, Deserts
Which states do they cover (e.g Khasi-Garo-Jantia hills)highest peaks. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Mountain passes (Nathu-la etc.)

Which of them are young mountain/fold mountain etc.?

4. Rivers / Lakes / Waterfalls
Where do they start? , Which states do they cover?In which sea do they end?, list of their tributaries

Any water fall?, Any dams? If yes then which states get benefit from it?

Any national inland waterway on them?, Major Lakes, Reservoirs

5. States:

Administrative, CENSUS-2011　related GK (highest-lowest in literacy, sex ratio etc.) + State with maximum ST population in absolute numbers and in percentages. etc.akulapraveen.blogspot.com

State capitals (especially for North East); where is state high court; in case of UT/islands which HC has jurisdiction (under polity), do they come under 5th　or 6th　schedule (under polity)

 border: with neighboring states and countries; state with largest area, longest coastline, max no. of district

 Soil-crop-cropping seasons – Agriculture Pattern- Major producers of crops

 Trade and Transport- Major Highways of India- Railway Zones

6.Mines/minerals (only the very prominent names. don’t go in all details)

7.Famous industrial / handicraft cities

8. Towns of export excellence (especially those recently added)
If it is a costal state: name of major ports?Any famous airport? akulapraveen.blogspot.com

National highway: shortest and longest9.Culture Any important fairs / cultural events-dances/festivals?

Famous tourist places hill stations, temples, monuments, mosques, minar, caves etc?

Any sites included in UNESCO world heritage list? (use google)

Environment, Any biodiversity hotspot?

Any famous wildlife parks / sanctuaries?

Any rare species found?   Any place famous for migratory birds?

Physical Geography:

Universe: basics of planets-their moons, asteroid, comet, stars etc. (just do high school level coverage, don’t put lot of time here on individual planet)

Layers of atmosphere: their sequence, uses (Ionosphere, stratosphere etc)

Layers of earth-core, SIAL, SIMA, discontinuity.akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Main terms associated with volcanos and earthquakes

Longitude, latitude, timezone, coriolls effect. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Climate: how altitude, distance from sea affect temp.; axis-tilt-seasons-day n night; albedo, ozone, aurora

Types of soils and rocks- what crops/minerals do they have

 Major Grasslands of the world / Deserts/ Lakes / Waterfalls/ straits

Polity:

Advantage of Polity Section in General Studies-Getting all correct answer in polity is not that hard as getting the same in History/Geography / Current Affairs because most of the data follows a logical pattern. So revise it a lot and make polity your strong point for G.S.

Important Topics to Prepare in Polity. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

History of Constitution, Constitutional developments, Preamble, Barrowed features of Constitution,

Articles- you don’t have to remember all articles numbers in Constitution – but only imp articles numbers- like appointment, powers and removal of things (like President), budget , parliament etc. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Schedules of Constitution, the Union & its territory, Citizenship

Fundamental Rights: This is considered as the most important aspect of our constitution. Go through all the Fundamental Rights (FR) many times over until you grasp the essence of each FR. Also try to remember which article corresponds to which FR and what the provisions are therein. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Directive Principles: After the FR’s these are a very important part of the Constitution and you should try to remember the main provisions of the important DPSP’s by heart. This does not mean rote the exact sentences; rather know what the article is about. For instance Article 44 talks about a Uniform Civil Code across the territory of India.

The Union Executive, The Council of Ministers, Prime Minister, The Comptroller and Auditor General　of India, Union Legislature (Parliament), Centre - State Relations,

Judiciary- Supreme court/High court jurisdiction and writs

Public Service Commissions, Elections, Emergency Provisions and Amendment of the Constitution: Each of these chapters is again very important. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Amendments and Schedules: You should know the important amendments of the constitution, the year in which the Act was passed along with their important provisions. The two most important amendment acts are the 42nd and 44th passed in 1976 and 1978 respectively.

73rd and 74th amendments implementation, welfare provisions for SC/ST/OBC, Human rights/women/minorities SC/ST commissions and SC/ST atrocities act.

Special status of Jammu & Kashmir, National　Human Rights Commission, National　Symbols, Chief Election Commissioners　of India, Reorganization of States, Prime Ministers　of India, Chief Justices　of India, Speakers of Lok Sabha, Women CM's　of India, Women Governors in India, Finance Commissions　of India

The importance of Nirbaya Chattam and food ordinance. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

The importance of newly appointments like C&AG, Election Commission, Supreme court Chief Justice, Uppsc, Appsc Chairmen,…etc

Use "Comparative Reading" Example　when you read polity — do it in following routine

Read President — then read governor

Read PM, then read CM

Parliament and then State Legislature

Supreme Court and then High court and so on.

Science and Technology:

By the Science questions, your basic Ability to solve Science related general questions and your awareness with the development of the day to day life based on science are judged and to check how accurately you can apply your knowledge of science in the practical life. For this you need not to do any special study on Science, neither need you to have a Science background. Questions are generally on the School level. You need to polish up your School level Science. Studying and practicing the NCERT school books from class 6 to class 10 is very helpful.akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Best way to Prepare General science is to refer NCERT science books from class 7 to 10.you can also buy Lucent's General science.

Biology:

Cell structure, living organisms classification, life processes of plants and animals (nutrition, digestion, respiration, circulatory system, blood, excretion), control & coordination(nervous system, eyes, ears),endocrine system & reproduction, digestive enzymes, hormones, vitamins, infectious diseases, natural resources management(air, water, soil pollution, wetlands, forestry, wildlife)applications of biology(plant breeding, animal breeding, pesticides, bio fertilisers, biotechnology, stem cells),Institutions of National importance.akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Chemistry:

Physical and chemical changes, Atoms and molecules, Acids, bases and salts, metals and non metals, fibers, periodic table classification ,carbon compounds(hydrocarbons, polymers),bio molecules(carbohydrates, proteins, fats),nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, breeder reactors, metallurgy.

All the above topics are the areas one need to look into but the scope of questions in exam may or may not be limited to above topics.

Physics:

Force & pressure, Friction, gravitation, solar system, mechanics(newton laws, centripetal, centrifugal forces, projectiles, angle of banking, potential & kinetic energy),liquids(capillarity, surface tension, viscosity),Sound, Heat, light, Electricity, Magnetism, satellites, modern physics (atomic energy, radio activity, cosmic, x rays, visible spectrum. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Major scientific Institutions in India and their specialisation, Scientific Instruments and their uses, Scientific Measures

Space programme in India and its applications with special reference to industry, agriculture and other rural development activities, INSAT, IRS system..etc, Space Research and News from India, Space Programme in India AND Nuclear Research in India　, Indian Satellites, Launch Vehicles, and Other Space Programmes since 1975:-

Nuclear research and developments in India, Missile system in India, Indian Defence Structure & Weapons, Overview of Indian Defence Structure.

Economy:

What to study in economy?

GDP/GNP/NNP/ Inflation, Budget Process, RBI Policies, Agricultural subsidies, PDS, Food Security, social and poverty alleviation programs. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

To observe the importance of Budget, Sebi, Imf, World bank, Employment, Banking, Sensex, Expenditure, Central plans, Receipts…etc

The importance of Central plans, 12th Plan..etc

And mainly candidates to concentrate the importance details of Banking Sector, Central / State Income Tax details, Budget concept..etc

The importance of Current affairs, Exports/Imports, value of Rupee details…etc

Sports:

Can be classified into

Static: Who started Modern-Olympics, how many rings, what colors, how many games etc.

Various terms associated with individual sport, various trophies, Grounds located

For team based sports: no. of players in each team, length and width of ground, time limits etc.akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Current

Grand slams- who defeated whom

Cricket: world cup, t-20, under-19 and women’s world cups: who defeated whom in the final match and where was it hosted?; ICC cricketer of the year

Athletics: venues, mascots, winners for

Olympics (summer and winter)

National games, Asiad, Commonwealth

Hockey, Boxing, shooting, wrestling, Badminton, Billiard, Golf, football and chess: main tournament and who won + if any Indian participated.

The importance of Current affairs, Exports/Imports, value of Rupee details…etc

Awards: Rajiv Gandhi khel ratna, Dronacharya, Arjun; ICC cricketer of the year; golden boot for football etc

Summary:

In the　daytime, read for general awareness, in the　night after dinner,practice aptitude. Because after dinner, body starts feeling sleepy and brain starts losing concentration. But if you’re moving your hand (by writing the Maths /reasoning sums),then brain has to concentrate. akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Revision is essential　for General awareness. Whatever you read – keep a target of revising it multiple times. Otherwise, you won’t be able to recall the exact details in the exam.

Don’t waste time　in day-dreaming, face book, random net surfing, chatting, TV, cricket, weddings of distant relatives/college batch mates etc.　Time-pass activities will always be there, but once you cross the age-limit, there is no restart button. (This rule applies to all competitive exams.). akulapraveen.blogspot.com

Avoid piecemeal preparation　

That's all for now friends. Happy Reading

-   Akula. Praveen Kumar, Sub Postmaster, Papannapet SO-502110, Andhra Pradesh